COMPUTER NETWORK

amit pandey

Q1. Define Network. Give examples of network in our daily life.
Ans. A group of two or more similar things or people interconnected with each other is called network. Examples of network in daily life is :

  1. Social network
  2. Mobile network
  3. Network of computers
  4. Airlines, railway, banks, hospitals networks

Q2. What do you mean by computer network?
Ans. A computer network is an interconnection of two or more computers or computing devices.

Q3. Write two advantages of computer network.
Ans. Two advantages of computer network are :

  1. Sharing of Files.
  2. Sharing of resources like printer, scanner.
  3. Sharing of single internet connection.

Q4. Write two disadvantages of computer network.
Ans. Two disadvantages of computer network are :

  1. Lack of data security.
  2. Viruses can spread easily in network due to interconnectivity of computers.
  3. Required a skilled person to handle the network.

Q5. Write any five components of computer network.
Ans. Five components of computer network are:

  1. Network Interface Card(NIC)
  2. HUB
  3. Switch
  4. Repeater
  5. Router
  6. Modem

Q6. What do you mean by node in reference to computer network?
Ans. A device which is connected in a network and is capable to send, receive or forward information is called node.

Q7. Define the following terms

  1. Server
  2. Client
    Ans. Server : It is a special computer which provide services to other computer/devices in a called clients.
    Clients : A computer/device connected in a network sending request to server is called client.

Q8. What do you mean by Client-Server architecture?
Ans. In a client – server architecture, the client computer sends a request (regarding data/services) to server and the server accept, process and provide the requested data/services to the client. Example of client – server architecture is Email, WWW etc.


Q9. How data is transferred from one computer to another in a network?
Ans. Data in a network is divided into smaller chunks called packets. These packets are then carried over a network.

Q10. Name the different types of network on the basis of geographical area.
Ans. Different types of network on the basis of geographical area are :

  1. LAN (Local Area Network)
  2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
  3. WAN (Wide Area Network)

Q11. Write three differences between LAN, MAN and WAN.
Ans. Differences are :
LAN MAN WAN
Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Wide Area Network
Data transfer rate is high Data transfer rate is average Data transfer rate is low
Easy to design and maintain Little bit difficult to design and maintain Difficult to design and maintain
A network in school, Hotel, Hospital etc A network in a city. A network in a country.

Q12. Name the three cables used in networking.
Ans. Three cables used in networking are :

  1. Coaxial Cable
  2. Twisted Pair Cable
  3. Optical Fiber Cable

Q13. What do you mean by LAN. Explain in brief.
Ans. It is a network that connects computers, mobile phones, tablet, mouse, printer, etc., placed at a limited distance. The geographical area covered by a LAN can range from a single room, a floor, an office having one or more buildings in the same premise.

Q14. Aman wants to connect 5 computers placed at different locations in a school. Name the network formed in the school.
Ans. LAN

Q15. What do you mean by MAN? Explain in brief.
Ans. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is an extended form of LAN which covers a larger geographical area like a city or a town. Data transfer rate in MAN is considerably less as compared to LAN. Cable TV network or cable based broadband internet services are examples of MAN.

Q16. Explain WAN in brief.
Ans. Wide Area Network (WAN) connects computers and others LANs and MANs, which are spread across
different locations of a country or in different countries or continents. A WAN could be formed by connecting a LAN to other LANs via wired or wireless media.

Q17. Name the largest WAN that connects billions of computers, smartphones.
Ans. Internet

Q18. Cable TV network services is an example of __ (LAN/MAN/WAN)
Ans. MAN

Q19. What do you mean by Network Devices. Give examples
Ans. Those devices which are used to communicate between different hardware used in computer network through different transmission media are called network devices. for example Router, Switch, Modem etc.

Q20. What is Modem?
Ans. Modem stands for ‘MOdulator DEMolulator’. It refers to a device which is used to convert analog signal to digital signal and vice versa.

Q21. Define Network Interface Card.
Ans. Network Interface Card (NIC) is a network adaptor used to set up a wired network. It acts as an
interface between computer and the network. It is a circuit board mounted on the motherboard of a computer. Each NIC has a MAC address, which helps in uniquely identifying the computer on the network.

Q22. What is the purpose of repeater in networking.
Ans. The purpose of repeater is to regenerate the weakened signal in the network.

Q23. What is repeater? Explain in brief.
Ans. A repeater is an analog device that works with signals on the cables to which it is connected. The weakened signal is regenerated and put back on the cable by a repeater.

Q24. What is hub?
Ans. An Ethernet hub is a network device used to connect different devices through wires. Data arriving on any of the lines are sent out on all the others.

Q25. Write one limitation of hub.
Ans. The limitation of hub is that if data from two devices come at the same time, they will collide.

Q26. Why switch is called intelligent hub?
Ans. A switch send the data to only desired node instead of sending to all.

Q27. Explain the working of switch in brief.
Ans. When data arrives, the switch extracts the destination address from the data packet and looks it up in a table to see where to send the packet. Thus it sends signals to only selected devices instead of sending to all.

Q28. Write two differences between hub and switch.
Ans. Differences are :
HUB SWITCH
It sends the data to all the connected node It sends the data to only intended node.
It do not provide Packet filtering It provide packet filtering

Q29. What is router?
Ans. A router is a network device that can receive the data, analyse it and transmit it to other networks. A router connects a local area network to the internet.

Q30. What do you mean by ISP? Name any two ISP.
Ans. ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is an organisation that provides services for accessing the Internet. Two ISP’s are : Airtel, Vodafone Idea limited, Jio, BSNL etc.

Q31. What is gateway in computer network?
Ans. A gateway is a key access point that acts as a “gate” between an organisation’s network and the outside world of the Internet.

Q32. Identify the following
a. I am a networking device used to connect multiple computers. I sends the data to only intended node.
b. I serves as the entry and exit point of a network.
c. If a node from one network wants to communicate with a node of a foreign network, it will pass the data packet through me.
d. I am a wireless device which provide Wi-Fi access to smartphones and other devices
Ans. a. Switch
b. Gateway
c. Gateway
d. Router

Q33. What is Topology? Name three topologies.
Ans. The arrangement of computers and other peripherals in a network is called its topology. Common network topologies are mesh, ring, bus, star and tree.

Q34. What is bus topology?
Ans. A bus topology is an arrangement in which all the computers are connected to a single cable. The cable to which the nodes connect is called a “backbone”.

Q35. Write two advantages and two disadvantages of bus topology.
Ans. Advantages of bus topology are :

  1. It is easy to install.
  2. It is cost effective as it does not require much cable.
  3. Easy to connect or remove devices in this topology.
    Disadvantages of bus topology are:
  4. Difficult to find faulty device.
  5. If the main cable damage, then entire network will be down.

Q35. What is Star Topology?
Ans. A topology in which each communicating device is connected to a central node, like a hub or a switch is called star topology.

Q36. Write two advantages and two disadvantages of star topology.
Ans. Two advantages of star topology are:

  1. Easy to detect fault.
  2. Easy to install.
    Two disadvantages of star topology are:
  3. If the central hub/switch fails then the entire network fails.
  4. Installation cost is higher than bus/linear topology

Q37. What is ring topology?
Ans. In ring topology, each node is connected to two other devices, one each on either side. The nodes connected with each other thus form a ring. In a ring topology data can be transmitted in one direction only.

Q38. Write two advantages and two disadvantages of ring topology.
Ans. Two advantages of ring topology are :

  1. Easy to install and expand.
  2. No data collision as data transmission is unidirectional.
    Two disadvantages of ring topology are:
  3. More cable is required than bus topology.
  4. If one node is down then the entire network fails.

Q39. Explain tree topology in brief.
Ans. It is a hierarchical topology, in which there are multiple branches and each branch can have one or more basic topologies like star, ring and bus. Such topologies are usually n WANs where multiple LANs are connected.

Q40. What is internet?
Ans. The Internet is the global network of computing devices including desktop, laptop, servers, tablets, mobile phones as well as peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, etc.

Q41. Name any four smart devices/appliances(devices which can be controlled by internet) other than mobile.
Ans. Four Smart devices are:

  1. AC
  2. TV
  3. Fan
  4. Light

Q42. Write any four uses of Internet.
Ans. Four uses of internet are :

  1. Internet is used to book online tickets.
  2. Internet is used to play games.
  3. Internet is used for online teaching,
  4. Internet is used to search any information.

Q43. Write any four services provided by internet.
Ans. Four services provided by internet are :

  1. The World Wide Web (WWW)
  2. Electronic mail (Email)
  3. Chat
  4. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Q44. Write a short note on WWW.
Ans. The World Wide Web (WWW) or web in short, is an ocean of information, stored in the form of trillions of interlinked web pages and web resources. The resources on the web can be shared or accessed through the Internet.

Q45. Differentiate between URI and URL.
Ans. URI — Uniform Resource Identifier or URI is a unique identifier to identify a resource located on the web.
URI identifies a resource (hardware or software) either by its location or by its name or by both.
URL is Uniform Resource Locator and provides the location and mechanism (protocol) to access the resource.

Q46. Identify the domain name, protocol, sub-domain from the following domain.
https://www.nirsoftcaresolution.com
Ans. Domain name = www.nirsoftcaresolution.com
Sub Domain Name = www
Protocol = https

Q47. What is Search Engine? Give two examples
Ans. A search engine is a website which help users to find specific information on internet. for example google, bing, yahoo etc.

Q48. What is http?
Ans. The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a set of rules which is used to retrieve linked web pages across the web. It’s more secure and advanced version is HTTPS.

Q49. Rajlakshmi is a class 12 computer science student. She is confused between ‘web’ and ‘internet’. As a friend of Rajlakshmi, explain her the difference between web and internet.
Ans. The Internet as we know is the huge global network of interconnected computers, which may or may not have any file or webpage to share with the world. The web on the other hand is the interlinking of a collection of WebPages on these computers which are accessible over the Internet.

Q50. What is Electronic mail? Give two examples of email service provider.
Ans. Email is the short form of electronic mail. It is one of the ways of sending and receiving message(s) using the Internet. An email can be sent anytime to any number of recipients at anywhere. Two email service providers are :

  1. Google
  2. Yahoo

Q51. Write any four common facilities available on email.
Ans. Four Common facilities available for an email users are :

  1. Sending and receiving mail.
  2. Sending the copy of mail
  3. Forwarding a received email to other user(s)
  4. Filtering spam emails

Q52. Write a short note on chatting.
Ans. Chatting or Instant Messaging (IM) over the Internet means communicating to people at different geographic locations in real time through text message(s). It is a forum where multiple people connect to each other, to discuss their common interests.

Q53. Give two examples of instant messengers.
Ans. Examples of instant messengers are: Skype, Facebook messenger, WhatsApp, Google Hangout etc.

Q54. Write short note on VoIP.
Ans. Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP, allows us to have voice call (telephone service) over the Internet, i.e., the voice transmission over a computer network rather than through the regular telephone network. It is also known as Internet Telephony or Broadband Telephony.

Q54. Write two advantages of VoIP.
Ans. Advantages of VoIP are :

  1. These services are either free or very economical, so people use them to save on cost. That is why these days even international calls are being made using VoIP.
  2. VoIP call(s) can be received and made using IP phones from any place having Internet access.

Q55. Write any one disadvantages of VoIP.
Ans. The disadvantage of VoIP is that its call quality is dependent on Internet connection speed. Slow Internet
connection will lead to poor quality voice calls.

Q56. Anshuman is running a business. He has studied till class 10. He wants to launch a website for his business. He is confused between static and dynamic web page. As a website developer, help him to understand the difference between static and dynamic web page.
Ans. A static webpage is one whose content always remains static, i.e., does not change for person to person. A dynamic web page is one in which the content of the web page can be different for different users. They are more complex and thus take more time to load than static web pages.

Q57. Define the following terms :

  1. Website
  2. Webpage
  3. Web server
    Ans. Website : A website (usually referred to as a site in short) is a collection of web pages related through hyperlinks, and saved on a web server. A visitor navigates from one page to another by clicking on hyperlinks.
    Webpage : A web page (also referred to as a page) is a document on the WWW that is viewed in a web browser. Basic structure of a web page is created using HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) and CSS.
    Web Server: A web server is used to store and deliver the contents of a website to clients such as a browser that request it. A web server can be software or hardware.

Q58. What is Error-404?
Ans. If the server is not able to locate the page, it sends a page containing the error message (Error 404 – page not found) to the client’s browser.

Q59. Write a short note on web hosting.
Ans. Web hosting is a service that allows us to put a website or a web page onto the Internet, and make it a part of the World Wide Web. Once a website is created, we need to connect it to the Internet so that users across the globe can access.

Q60. What is DNS?
Ans. The domain name system (DNS) is a service that does the mapping between domain name and IP address. When the address of a website is entered in a browser, the DNS finds out the IP address of the server
corresponding to the requested domain name and sends the request to that server.

Q61. Define browser.
Ans. A browser is a software application that helps us to view the web page(s). In other words, it helps us to view the data or information that is retrieved from various web servers on the Internet.

Q62. Name any two common web browser.
Ans. Some of the commonly used web browsers are Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, etc.

Q63. Write the steps to host a website.
Ans. Steps to host a website are :

  1. Select the web hosting service provider that will provide the web server space.
  2. Identify a domain name, which best suits our requirement.
  3. Create logins with appropriate rights and note down IP address to manage web space.
  4. Upload the files in properly organised folders on the allocated space.
  5. Get domain name mapped to the IP address of the web server.

Q64. Name an open source web browser.
Ans. Mozilla Firefox is an open source web browser.

Q65. Write the steps to open Preference and options page in Mozilla Firefox.
Ans. Steps are :

  1. Open Mozilla Firefox, and on the top right corner of the browser window, click the Menu button.
  2. From the drop down button, select Options/settings.
  3. The preferences and Options window will be displayed.

Q66. Write any four panels which are available in preference and option page of Mozilla Firefox.
Ans. Panels available in preference and option page of Mozilla Firefox are :

  1. General Panel
  2. Home Panel
  3. Search Panel
  4. Security and Privacy Panel
  5. Sync Panel

Q67. Define the following term:

  1. Add-ons
  2. plugins
    Ans. Add-on is not a complete program and so is used to add only a particular functionality to the browser. An add-on is also referred to as extension in some browsers. Adding the functionality of a sound and graphics card is an example of an add-on.
    A plug-in is a complete program or may be a third-party software. For example, Flash and Java are plug-ins. A Flash player is required to play a video in the browser.

Q68. What is cookie?
Ans. A cookie is a text file, containing a string of information, which is transferred by the website to the browser when we browse it. This string of information gets stored in the form of a text file in the browser.
Q69. How cookies are helpful?
Ans. It helps in customising the information that will be displayed, for example the choice of language for
browsing, allowing the user to auto login, remembering the shopping preference, displaying advertisements of one’s interest, etc.

Q70. Identify me
a. I am a small text file and help in remembering the shopping preference, displaying advertisements of
one’s interest, etc.
Ans. Cookie

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